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Contents

• Rationale for Snacktivity

• Study plan

  • Accelerometer-measured physical activity datasets: A cross-country scoping review

  • The effects of activity snacks on cardiometabolic health outcomes: a harmonised compositional isotemporal substitution data-analysis

  • The acute effect of activity snacks on glucose control in currently inactive individuals: a wild experiment and comparison to background activity

  • The longer term affects of Snacktivity on cardiometabolic health outcomes

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Rationale

• The evidence suggests the volume of physical activity is more important than how this activity was accumulated when considering health outcomes

• This led to changes in the four widest reaching physical activity guidelines allowing individuals to achieve 150 minutes per week of MVPA in bouts of any duration

• Therefore, for those that are not currently meeting the physical activity guidelines, short bouts could be promoted as a means to increase the amount of MVPA they perform each week

Rationale

• Accelerometers have been used frequently to quantify movement behaviours over the last 2 decades

• This has led to a large number of datasets collecting a range of health outcomes and physical activity metrics

• However, there is currently no central library that has cataloged the available datasets

• This is in spite of a highly successfully harmonised dataset of similar data in children (ICAD) and several notable harmonised data analyses: Ulf Ekelund and more recent Sebastien Chastin

• Therefore, we will perform a scoping review to identify datasets that could be harmonised (both for our harmonised data analysis) and to serve as a library for other researchers.

  • It will also update the review conducted by Katrien Wjindaele published in 2015

Aims/Objectives:

• To inform the harmonised data analysis by highlighting the studies that have collected data as well as inform the ease of harmonisation of these studies

• To create a library of datasets to serve as a resource to other academics who may be interested in performing secondary analysis or data harmonisation

Search strategy

• Peer-reviewed online literature databases: Medline and Medline in-progress, EMBASE, CINAHL, Sport Discus and Central

• Grey literature sources: Trials Registries, Open Grey and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S)

• Experts in the field will also be contacted to contribute “emerging” datasets

• Forward and backward searching

Selection criteria

Selection criteria (updated)

Rationale

• Current evidence from epidemiological studies show the benefits of short bouts of MVPA on cardiometabolic health outcomes

• Many of these studies use homogeneous datasets, and often the same dataset (NHANES 2003-2006)

  • Due to cultural differences, some populations may be performing a greater number of activity snacks
  • The health benefits of activity snacks may differ based on demographic characteristics that are rarely examined (ethnicity, physical activity profile)

• Therefore, we will perform a harmonised data analysis on a diverse pool of studies and will perform compositional isotemporal substitution analysis to assess the health benefit of substituting sedentary time and bouted MVPA with activity snacks

Aims/Objectives:

• To determine whether substituting sedentary time with activity snacks results in an improvement in cardiometabolic health outcomes

• To determine whether substituting bouted MVPA with activity snacks results in any changes in cardiometabolic health outcomes

  

  

What is compositional isotemporal substitution analysis (cISM)

• Examining multivariate data that forms part of a finite whole

  • Multiple variables that when combined will reach a known whole

  • sleep + sedentary time + LPA + MVPA = 24 hours

• By treating time-use as part of a whole, we can model the expected effect of replacing one behaviour with another

  • We plan to model substituting sedentary time and bouted MVPA with activity snacks

• For more information, Dumuid et al provide an excellent summary of the origins and current directions of cISM analysis.

Next steps?

• Finish data extraction

  • Should be finalised in the next few weeks

• Begin write up and produce first draft

• Prioritise which datasets to seek access to for the harmonised data analysis

Rationale

• Several studies have examined the acute benefit of breaking up prolonged sedentary time with short bouts of physical activity on glucose control

  • MVPA as short as 32 seconds can produce a beneficial acute response

• However, even the most sedentary individuals (unless infirm) do not sit continually for 8-12 hours a day

• Whilst the laboratory setting is beneficial for highly controlled conditions, it is not representative of how an individual goes about their normal life

• Therefore, we will examine the acute benefit of activity snacks on glucose control during individual's usual daily routine

Purposeful vs incidental activity snacks

Taken from Stamatakis et al

Aims/Objectives

• To determine whether the Snacktivity intervention leads to individuals performing a greater number of activity snacks when compared to their usual routine
• To assess whether performing purposeful activity snacks produce an additional health benefit when compared to an individual’s usual routine
  
  

• To determine whether purposeful activity snacks produce a different acute cardiometabolic response to activity snacks performed as part of an individual’s daily routine

• To assess participants perception of non-purposeful activity snacks and determine whether they are the similar to the perception they have of purposeful activity snacks

• To assess whether movement differences exist between purposeful vs non-purposeful snacks and could these be utilised to refine the definition of an activity snack

Rationale

• Previous cross-sectional studies highlight that performing bouts of MVPA less than 10 minutes in duration are associated with improved cardiometabolic health outcomes including BMI, HDL and LDL cholesterol and blood glucose.

• However, few studies have looked to assess whether if increasing inactive individuals physical activity by utilising short bouts of MVPA will lead to longer term improvements in cardiometabolic health

• The main Snacktivity trial is not collecting a comprehensive battery of health outcomes

• Therefore, we will look to determine whether the Snacktivity paradigm increases the number of activity snacks an individual performs and whether this increase is associated improvements in cardiometabolic health

Aims/Objectives

• To determine if the Snacktivity intervention leads to individuals performing a greater number of activity snacks

• To determine whether performing a greater number of activity snacks leads to changes in markers of cardiometabolic health

What next?

• Finish data extraction and begin write-up of the scoping review

• Begin acquiring datasets for the harmonised data analysis

• Finalise protocols for the intervention studies and begin submitting ethics for both intervention studies

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